MS&T’08 Technical Program

ACerS Sosman Award Symposium: Kinetic Engineering of Interfacial Transport Processes
This one day symposium is organized to honor Martin Harmer, the 2008 Sosman Award recipient.  Harmer is being recognized for his groundbreaking work in the fundamental aspects of processing-structure-property relationships for polycrystalline materials, where grain boundaries and phase boundaries are important structural components. This symposium will highlight the structure and properties of interfaces, with a special focus on the concept of "kinetic engineering," through which the properties of interfaces, and the microstructures they create, can be altered by changing the composition or temperature. The symposium will be comprised of invited speakers who will present talks covering topics that include the structure and kinetics of interfaces, the thermodynamics and composition of interfaces, normal and abnormal grain growth, and microstructure development.

Topics:

• The structure and kinetics of interfaces
• Interfacial segregation and structural transitions
• Grain growth and microstructure development

Organizer: Gregory Rohrer, Carnegie Mellon University; Co-organizers: S. Dillon, Carnegie Mellon University; M. Rühle, Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung

Ceramic Surfaces, Grain Boundaries and Interfaces
Interfaces between dissimilar materials and grain boundaries separating differently oriented crystals of the same material appear in almost all technological material systems, and are a particularly important issue as the microstructural morphology of material systems is reduced to the nanometer length-scale.  Examples include catalytic systems, thin films, coatings, joins, and composites. Understanding and controlling the properties of interfaces is a special challenge, from both a basic scientific and technological point of view. This rather important field of research is often approached by experts from diverse fields, addressing issues spanning: interface thermodynamics; interface and surface kinetics; interface structure; interface chemistry; and atomistic simulations. The goals of this session are to provide a well thought-out infrastructure for scientific discussions of issues spanning the gap between interface thermodynamics and structure-dependent properties at the atomistic length-scale.  

Topics:

• Interface thermodynamics and adsorption/segregation
• Interface structure, morphology, and equilibrium shape
• Organization of crystals in polycrystals
• Self-organization and biomineralization
• Crystal-liquid interfaces and intergranular films
• Interface characterization techniques with sub-nanometer length-scale resolution
• Atomistic theory of interfaces
• Interface dependent properties and processing
• Ensembles of interfaces

Organizer: Wayne Kaplan, Technion; Co-organizer: D. Chatain, Centre de Recherche en Matiere Condensee et Nanosciences

Discovery and Optimization of Materials through Computational Design
Since its emergence four decades ago, computational materials science has become an indispensable ally of theoretical and experimental research for the advancement of scientific knowledge and engineering practice. Computational materials science has sprung as a rapidly growing area whose focus lies on the development and application of a wide variety of problem-solving methodologies for the improvement of materials, device designs, and processing operations. The present symposium aims to bring together scientists, engineers, and program managers to integrate computational methods into the scientific research and development of materials, as well as industrial and academic programs.

Topics:

• Development and application of computational tools for the analysis and design of advanced materials and devices
• Identification of emerging areas where computational modeling can contribute to the advancement of the field
• Advances in the atomistic description and design of materials as well as enabling applications
• Innovative methodologies for the multiscale description and design of materials
• Advances and applications in the continuum description and design of materials; novel computational methods for manufacturing and technology innovation

Organizer: R. Edwin Garcia, Purdue University; Co-organizer: A. Van der Ven, Michigan University

Failure Analysis for Problem Solving
This symposium is designed as a forum for the exchange of information and knowledge regarding materials-related failure analysis and prevention. Invited papers would include those describing investigations of failures resulting from design, manufacturing, service and materials issues. Target attendees will include engineers and scientists from all levels of analytical expertise and all related backgrounds, not just materials engineers. Primary emphasis will be placed upon failure analysis for problem solving, however, papers concerning litigation forensic evaluations are also solicited. Of special interest for this year’s conference are case studies involving biomaterials, nuclear energy applications, and powder metallurgy, along with presentations for the annual session on tools and techniques in failure analysis.

Topics:

• Tools and techniques
• Fatigue and fracture
• Joining - welding and brazing
• Historical case studies
• Nonmetallic materials
• Modeling and simulations
• Litigation
• Corrosion

Organizer: R.J. Parrington, IMR Test Labs Inc.; Co-organizers: D. Dennies, Boeing Company; D. McGarry, SEA Limited

Fatigue of Materials: Competing Failure Modes and Variability in Fatigue Life
The symposium focuses on competing fatigue failure mechanisms and the variability in fatigue, due to microstructural, material, mechanical, environmental and statistical effects in structural materials. Recent findings indicate that competing fatigue failure modes (surface vs. internal initiation sites) can lead to two separate S-N curves, or steps, or scatter in fatigue life. Single or multiple, independent or overlapping fatigue life distributions may be seen. Material defects, microstructure uniformity, deformation modes, residual stresses, environmental effects, temperature, dwell periods and test conditions may play a role in triggering these competing failure mechanisms and causing the fatigue life variability. The competing initiations phenomenon and the fatigue variability seem to require a new paradigm in material design and fatigue life considerations.

Topics:

• Competing crack initiations
• Variability and statistical effects
• Fatigue of steels, nickel and titanium alloys
• Fatigue of advanced materials
• Residual stress/environmental effects
• Very/ultra-long fatigue life
• Modeling, statistical aspects, databases
• Life prediction/management

Organizer: K.S. Ravi Chandran, University of Utah; Co-organizers: J.M. Larsen, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson AFB; G.T. Cashman, GE Aviation; T. Sakai, Ritsumeikan University

International Symposium on Defects, Transport and Related Phenomena
Following the precedent set through past annual meetings of the American Ceramic Society, this symposium focuses on defects, transport and related phenomena in crystalline and non-crystalline ceramics. The symposium covers the topic of 'Defects, Transport and Related Phenomena' in a holistic sense. The materials to be covered will include ionic, electronic and mixed conductors for SOFCs, batteries, sensors, electrochromics, transparent conductors, and nanocrystalline, magnetic, magnetoresistive, ferroelectric, dielectric and superconducting ceramic materials. Contributions on the high-resolution microanalysis of defect structures are also very welcome as well as on the computer modeling of defect energetics.

Topics:

• Point and other defects in crystalline ceramic solids and structure of non-crystalline ceramic solids
• In situ and spectroscopic studies (NMR, EPR, etc.)
• Thermodynamics, modeling and energy calculations
• Transport, including crystalline and non-crystalline ceramic materials, diffusion, conduction, experimental work, modeling and computational work
• Relaxation phenomena, including ionic, electronic, impedance spectroscopy, NMR (dynamics), experimental work, modeling, and calculations
• Other defect-related phenomena, such as creep, solid-state reactions, optical properties, magnetic properties

Organizer: Rudiger Dieckmann, Cornell University; Co-organizers: D. Edwards, Alfred University; S. Kim, University of California Davis; M. Martin, RWTH Aachen University; T.O. Mason, Northwestern University

Lifecycle of Engineered Residual Stresses: Processing, Aging, and Rejuvenation
This symposium will address the advances in lifecycle of engineered residual stresses in terms of processing, understanding, and quantification. Compressive residual stresses are implanted in critical components through various surface modification techniques for enhanced resistance to fatigue and stress corrosion. This symposium is to showcase new and innovative techniques, knowledge, findings, and applications pertaining to engineered residual stresses from a lifecycle standpoint so that the aspects of processing, aging, and rejuvenation will be addressed. The symposium also serves to foster studies that will potentially advance our understanding of the lifecycle of engineered residual stresses; these studies include residual stresses in meso- and microscopic scales, and thermal and mechanical instability.

Topics:

• Innovative procedures and techniques of engineering residual stresses
• Detect and rejuvenate residual stresses in critical components
• Residual stresses in meso- and microscopic length scales
• Microstructural features affecting the formation of residual stresses in small length scales
• Thermal and mechanical relaxation of residual stresses
• Metallurgical origins of residual stresses relaxation
• Role of residual stresses instability in cracking

Organizer: Calvin Tszeng, Berkeley Materials Research; Co-organizer: D. Lahrman, LSP Technologies, Inc.

Micro- and Nano-Mechanical Behavior of Low-Dimensional Structures and Materials
The symposium focuses on understanding the deformation mechanisms in low-dimensional structures and materials, including functional materials, metals and alloys, nanocomposites and biomaterials. Recent development in nanoindentation test and surface force microscopy along with simulation techniques has enabled us to probe the mechanical behavior of low-dimensional structures and materials on both the micro- and nano-scales. This has led to the observation of various new phenomena and the development of a variety of models describing micro- and nano-mechanical behavior of low-dimensional structures and materials. The aim of this symposium is to reflect the advance in mechanical characterizing, simulation and understanding of mechanical behavior on both the micro- and nano-scales. Some topics of interest include size-dependent behavior, in situ nanoindentation, and nanometrology of a wide range of materials such as biomaterials, semiconductors, functional materials, metals, ceramics and polymers.

Topics:

• Metals and alloys
• Ceramics
• Polymers
• Biomaterials
• Numerical simulation

Organizer: Fuqian Yang, University of Kentucky; Co-organizers: J. Hsia, National Science Foundation; D. Bahr, Washington State University; M. Dickinson, Hysitron, Inc.

Modeling of Multiscale Phenomena in Materials Processing
The purpose of the symposium is to present current activities and new ideas in the development of computational techniques for the modeling of multi-scale phenomena in materials processing. The submitted papers should address the new application of conventional techniques or new, more efficient, numerical methods for the solution of problems that involve multiple-scale phenomena. Papers on experimental studies for advancement of such methods are also welcomed. Typical topics may include solution algorithms for coupling of models that describe microscale and macroscale phenomena, deterministic and stochastic models, phase field simulations, direct numerical simulations of microstructure and fluid dynamics effects. In addition to theoretical studies, experimental efforts that generate data to validate the models are encouraged; as are applications of these techniques to solve relevant problems, especially by industrial investigators. Topics may pertain to phenomena related to any material or metallurgical process.

Topics:

• Solution algorithms
• Microstructure evolution
• Multiple length-scale coupling
• Stress analysis
• Phase change

Organizer: Adrian S. Sabau, Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Co-organizers: A.D. Rollett, Carnegie Mellon University; A.V. Catalina, Caterpillar Inc.

Performance and Growth of Bulk and Thin Film Materials - Role of Surface and Interface Phenomena during Growth and Processing
For hybrid microelectronic, biomedical, radio frequency, electro-optic and magnetic devices on the same platform, it is very important to understand the role of surfaces, interfaces, morphology on the growth and performance. With the rapid progress towards novel devices, thin film technologies are facing challenges of critical importance. The challenges become ever greater as new materials, device concepts, and processes are introduced. Collective effort in the thin film community, covering all realms of expertise, is essential for tackling such challenges and making significant advancements. This symposium aims to foster such activities by providing opportunities for intensive discussions and exchange of ideas.

Topics:

• Recent advances in growth of thin-film materials
• Microstructures and properties of thin films in the sub-micron range and beyond
• Stress and thermal management of thin films and structures
• Role of surfaces and interfaces
• Organic films and applications

Organizer: Nuggehalli Ravindra, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Co-organizers: N.B. Singh, Northrop Grumman Corporation; G. Krumdick, Argonne National Laboratory; R. Narayan, University of North Carolina

Phase Stability, Diffusion Kinetics and Their Applications (PSDK-III)
Understanding and modeling of phase stability and diffusion have been a central theme of materials science and engineering with many merits in both science and technology. Advances in computational and instrumentation techniques, cross-scale modeling and novel experimental observations continue to refine our understanding, resulting in design-capable tools for industry and education. This symposium will focus on the temporal and spatial evolution of phase constituents and compositions with due consideration for materials chemistry, processing and applications. Topics of interest for phase stability and diffusion kinetics include: physics- and mechanism-based modeling and simulations; fundamental and applications-based experimental observations; microstructural modeling with an emphasis on using fundamental data; phenomenological expressions and atomistic mechanisms; methods, generation and interpretation of data and databases; cross-scale models and integration methods.

Topics:

• Physics- and mechanism-based modeling and simulations
• Fundamental and applications-based experimental observations
• Microstructural modeling with an emphasis on using fundamental data
• Phenomenological expressions and atomistic mechanisms
• Methods, generation and interpretation of data and databases
• Cross-scale models and integration methods

Organizer: Yongho Sohn, University of Central Florida; Co-organizers: J.E. Morral, Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University; J.R. Morris, Oak Ridge National Laboratory; R. Arroyave, Texas A&M University; S. Babu, Edison Welding Institute; M. Asta, University of California - Davis

Phase Transformations and Microstructural Changes during Sustained Mechanical Forcing
Several examples have emerged recently of microstructural changes and phase transformations that occur during intense deformation at ambient temperatures. Examples such as deformation-induced crystallization reactions in amorphous alloys, dissolution reactions or cyclic phase transformations signify novel opportunities to control microstructures beyond traditional thermal or thermomechanical processing. The underlying mechanisms have not yet been completely rationalized, but theoretical approaches, for example, the theory of driven alloying, offer insight into the competing effects of thermally activated processes and intense deformation. This symposium surveys some of the common grounds observed for phase transformations and microstructural changes during intense deformation of different material systems. The presentation of experimental, theoretical, and simulation efforts will provide a state of the art perspective that will help guiding future work in this area.  

Topics:

• Experimental advances in the analysis of deformation-based phase transformations
• Driven effects at surfaces during sliding and wear
• Progress on cyclic phase transformations and dissolution of cementite in steels during intense deformation
• Modeling and simulation approaches for driven transformations

Organizer: Rainer Hebert, University of Connecticut

Recent Advances in Structural Characterization of Materials
The lens through which we view materials is often the limiting factor in developing a more complete understanding of material structure and behavior. Probes which capture critically small changes across time and length scales both during materials synthesis and application are being developed. Examples include time-resolved diffraction, X-ray microbeam techniques, and the characterization of nanostructures without long-range periodic ordering. This symposium focuses on recent developments in structural characterization methods and their applications. Particular emphasis is on X-ray, neutron and electron diffraction and spectroscopic methods such as EELS, EXAFS, Raman, FTIR, and terahertz and their uses to characterize crystal structure, local structure, microstructure, composition, and strain at multiple length and time scales. The objective of this symposium is to introduce attendees to both novel techniques and novel applications of traditional techniques so as to facilitate the development of advanced materials.

Topics:

• X-ray and neutron diffraction: developments and applications
• Microbeam techniques: developments and applications
• High-energy X-ray techniques: developments and applications
• Electron microscopy and electron diffraction: developments and applications
• Spectroscopic techniques: developments and applications
• New developments and applications in structural characterization

Organizers: Jacob L. Jones, University of Florida; Roumiana Petrova, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Co-organizers: Juan C. Nino, University of Florida; Xiaoli Tan, Iowa State University; Zhonghou Cai and Dean Haeffner, Argonne National Laboratory

Structure-Property Relationships in Multifunctional Materials
Multifunctional materials are gaining importance due to their potential impact on performance, weight savings, and the ability to provide dual functionality. They are structures produced by combining foams, honeycombs, truss cores of various geometry, and metallic corrugations. They offer novel solutions to complex engineering designs. The symposium is soliciting original contributions covering mechanical properties in quasistatic and dynamic conditions. In-plane compressive and tensile strength and stiffness, bending, shear strength, and fatigue will be included. Physical properties related to thermal management, energy absorption, storage, and damping behavior will be considered valuable contributions. The anisotropy requires analytical numerical techniques to optimize design and properties. Property predictions and direct measurements on these materials will be included.

Topics:

• Multifunctional structure materials
• Interactions of MFM properties and structures

Organizer: Jim Marder, ASM International; Co-organizer: S. Mahajan, Arizona State University

The Effect of Electrical (and Electromagnetic) Fields and Stress (and Capillarity) on Diffusional Transport in Ceramics and Related Phenomena
This symposium will address the fundamental concepts, theories and experiments that address the interaction between electrical and electromagnetic fields, stress, and surface tension forces, and diffusional transport in ceramics. Examples of phenomena related to these couplings are: work the influence of an electrical field on the flow stress of fine grained ceramics at high temperatures, microwave sintering, spark-plasma-sintering, work on voltage generated by applied stress at high temperatures like a load sensor, and defoliation of graphite under charge-discharge cycles in Li-ion batteries. The symposium will serve to bring these investigators, and others, on to a common platform for a discussion of the underlying fundamental mechanisms. It is possible that these seemingly disparate phenomena have a common theoretical basis. This symposium is being initiated, in part, to recognize the lifelong contributions of Hans Conrad to the study of interactions between electrical fields and deformation at high temperatures.

Topics:

• Influence of electrical and electromagnetic fields on sintering, creep, cavitation and phase transformations
• Fatigue damage in Li-ion and related batteries and fuel cells
• High temperature sensor and actuator applications
• Basic concepts, mechanisms and models based upon defect chemistry of ceramics at high temperatures.

Organizer: Rishi Raj, University of Colorado at Boulder; Co-organizers: S. Lee, University of Colorado at Boulder; D. Agrawal, Pennsylvania State University; P.F. Becher, Oak Ridge National Laboratory; H. Conrad, North Carolina State University